US calls on Turkey to take all precautions to protect civilians in SEast

DAILY PRESS BRIEFING

DPB # 211

MONDAY, DECEMBER 21, 2015

(ON THE RECORD UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED)

Briefer: John Kirby, Spokesperson

My Qs and As w Spox Kirby

      TURKEY - RUSSIA

QUESTION: On Turkey-Russia question over Syria, it looks like the President Putin continues to issue threats to Turkey, latest is Russia banned Turkish jets within Syrian airspace. What’s your view? It has been a month since the Turks shot down the Russian jets. Do you think steps need to be taken or de-escalation? Do you have any comments?

MR KIRBY: I haven’t seen those latest remarks. What I would tell you is our position hasn’t changed since the shoot-down that we want to see the tensions reduced, obviously. And we – while certainly – like I said, we respect Turkey’s right to protect its airspace. We want to see the tensions there nonetheless brought down between Turkey and Russia and would, as we said before, urge both sides to work on de-confliction measures.

       PYD - SYRIA - RUSSIA - TURKEY

QUESTION: On the northern Syria again, these 98 kilometers that has been talk about between the Jarabulus and the Afrin, do you – it looks like the Russians are now helping Syrian Kurds. There are reports that Syrian Kurds may take – start launch assault on ISIS place, or the other Syrian opposition groups. Do you have any update on that particular area?

MR KIRBY: No. I would point you to Russian officials to talk to what they’re doing militarily inside Syria. As I said earlier, we continue to see the bulk of their military activity be against opposition groups and not against ISIL. But in terms of whatever support they claim they’re giving to Syrian Kurds, I think they would have to speak to that.

QUESTION: Do you have any issue with Syrian Kurds taking over that particular area instead of other Syrian opposition groups?

MR KIRBY: Instead of other Syrian opposition groups?

QUESTION: Yes, or Turkey’s --

MR KIRBY: For us, the cooperation that we are giving to Syrian groups, be they Turkoman, Christian, Arab, or Kurds, is about continuing to degrade and destroy ISIL. It’s ISIL’s control over areas that we’re focused on. And we want Syria – this is why there’s a political process going on – we want all of Syria – a unified, whole Syria – to be governed by a legitimate and a responsive and responsible government in Damascus. And that’s not the case right now. That’s why the Secretary is so focused on this diplomatic front. But our focus in terms of territory governance, it’s to take it away from ISIL and then work politically to get a government in Damascus that can adequately, sufficiently govern it for all Syrians. Okay?

QUESTION: So Syrian Kurds can take over that place? You wouldn’t have any issue with that?

MR KIRBY: I didn’t say that at all, sir. I said our focus is on taking away the area and the territory that ISIL has inside Syria so that, as the political process moves forward, you have a government in Damascus that can govern and legislate for a whole, unified Syria in Damascus.

TURKEY - SEAST, CIZRE CURFEW

QUESTION: On Turkey this time. Turkey’s own southeast Kurdish region have been – have seen increasing – the situation is escalating within Turkey’s own southeast region, with the Kurdish region, such as Cizre or other places under the curfew. Do you have – or do you monitor the situation?

MR KIRBY: The curfew?

QUESTION: Yes. Several towns under curfew right now.

MR KIRBY: Yeah. We’ve seen those reports. What I would say is we hope to see a renewed commitment to the political process by the Turkish Government and the PKK to bring about a just and sustainable peace for all Turkish citizens. While we understand Turkey needs to take security measures, it should also take all feasible precautions to protect civilians and to act consistently with its legal obligations. And I’d refer you to Turkish authorities for more details about it.

PRESS FREEDOM TURKEY

QUESTION: And the press freedom issue in Turkey, it looks like over three dozen or about three dozen journalists are still detained. And it looks like especially in Kurdish areas, many of the Kurdish journalists recently have been detained. The – one of the Vice reporters have been in jail over, I think, about three months, over three months. Editor-in-chief of Cumhuriyet daily and other newspapers’ journalists are still in jail. Have you had a chance to talk to Turkish Government recently? Are you --

MR KIRBY: We routinely – we routinely express our concerns about freedom of expression and protection of journalism in Turkey, as I’ve said many, many times. We look to the Government of Turkey to ensure that law enforcement and judicial authorities act in accordance with international legal standards, including full respect for due process and equal treatment under the law.

Biden’s office refutes Turkish PM Davutoglu’s refutal:

Biden’s office refutes Turkish PM Davutoglu’s refutal:

Vice President Biden’s office issued a statement regarding call with Prime Minister Davutoglu of Turkey on December 14th and in that, stated:

1) Biden-Davutoglu Call:

“The Vice President spoke again today with Turkish Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu regarding Turkey’s troop deployments in northern Iraq. The Vice President welcomed reports of the withdrawal of Turkish troops out of Camp Bashiqa as an important step to de-escalate recent tensions. The Vice President reiterated that any foreign military presence in Iraq must be with the full consent of the Iraq government.’’

2) Biden - Al-Abadi phone all

On December 16, Biden’s office issued another readout, this time his call with Iraq’s PM Al-Abadi. In that, Biden said: “The Vice President spoke with Iraqi Prime Minister Haider Al-Abadi yesterday following his December 14 call with Turkish Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu. The Vice President noted the recent deployment of Turkish forces into northern Iraq had occurred without the prior consent of the Iraqi government. Both leaders welcomed initial indications of the withdrawal of some Turkish forces and agreed this should continue, reiterating that any foreign forces can only be present in Iraq with the coordination and permission of the Iraqi government.”

3) Obama Urged Erdogan in a phone call

After this phone call, President Obama also talked President Erdogan and his office issued a statement on Friday. In that, Obama “urged” Erdogan to pull back from N.Iraq:

“The President urged President Erdogan to take additional steps to deescalate tensions with Iraq, including by continuing to withdraw Turkish military forces, and reinforced the need for Turkey to respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Iraq.”

4) PM Davutoglu refutes Biden remarks to Abadi

Davutoglu, on the way back from Brussels, spoke to Turkish journalists yesterday, remarks published today and said “Biden didn’t urge us to pull back troops from Iraq.” Davutoglu, as reported on Hurriyet Daily News: “Another issue on the agenda is the presence of the Turkish military at a base near Mosul, publicized earlier this week, which created tension between Turkey and Iraq. Davutoğlu has spoken with U.S. Vice President Joe Biden twice on the issue, but he denied that Biden had urged Turkey to withdraw troops from Iraq.

“I didn’t get such a statement from Biden. I spoke twice with Biden and he never said such a thing. He advised us to carry out this issue through consensus with Iraq. In fact we all want the same thing anyway,” Davutolu said. Turkey’s security starts from its borders with Iraq and Syria, but because neither country can control their borders Turkey is obliged to step in, Davutoğlu said. “I wish they could control their borders and our troops were not obliged to go there,” he added.

The prime minister also stated that Ankara and Iraq “agreed in principle” on the Turkish deployment on Iraqi soil to train Iraqi citizens and volunteers, which is why he did not seek Iraqi consent for the most recent deployment.”

5) Biden’s Office Refutes Davutoglu’s Refutal

Saturday morning I reached out VP Biden’s office and asked about PM Davutoglu’s latest remarks and whether they could shed light on these different accounts from US and Turkish side.

Vice President Joe Biden’s aide, defended their originial readout in an email sent from White House. White House official sent this short refutal for PM Davutoglu and this time openly told Turkey redeploy its forces at Camp Bashiqa: “the readout is accurate. The Vice President urged Turkey to redeploy forces at Camp Bashiqa that were not previously coordinated or approved by the Iraqi government.”

US Welcomes Turkey-Israel Agreement to Improve Relations

Today, senior White House official, when asked about reports that Turkey and Israel agreed initial understanding to improve relations, sent this:

"We have seen reports of a potential agreement between Israel and Turkey to restore diplomatic relations.  We would welcome this step in improving relations between two of our key allies in the region, particularly given our common interests and the challenges we face.  We refer you to Israel and Turkey for further details."

US: We demonstrated our ability to rapidly send U.S. assets to Turkey

Laura Seal, DoD Spokesperson sent a statement after asked about US decision to withdraw a dozen F15s from Incirlik base, Adana, Turkey. 

These planes arrived Turkey only little more than a month ago. Seal's statement follows, highlights belong to me: 

''After completing temporary deployments to Incirlik Air Base in Turkey, 12 F-15s are redeploying to RAF Lakenheath starting today, and completing by the end of the week.

The F-15s deployed to Incirlik in November. The F-15Cs arrived Nov. 6 and the F-15Es Nov. 12.

Six F-15Cs deployed in response to a request from the Turkish Government, demonstrating our ability to rapidly send U.S. assets to Turkey in support of an air defense mission.

During the deployment, we finalized a bilateral agreement with Turkey outlining procedures for combat air patrol missions in Turkish airspace. This enduring agreement provides a framework for our aircraft to support air defense missions in Turkey if/when called upon, either with these air frames or others in the future.

Six F-15Es joined our manned and remotely piloted aircraft already conducting counter-ISIL missions from Incirlik alongside Turkish F-16s.

Counter-ISIL operations from Incirlik and other operating locations continue. Our air campaign draws upon a variety of aircraft from different operating locations, and the arrival and departure of deployed aircraft is accounted for in our planning process.  There are 12 A-10s as well as a number of Remotely Piloted Aircraft conducting counter-ISIL missions from Incirlik along with Turkish F-16s. We also expect to see an increase in Coalition aircraft operating from Incirlik in the coming months.''

Laura


Laura Seal
DoD Spokesperson, Defense Press Office

Why US waited too long to say ISIS oil doesnt go thru Turkey

US administration officials, including Sec John Kerry, many times in 2013 and 2014 talked about how ISIS uses its border with Turkey to smuggle its oil. This revenue source described as one of the significant sources to finance ISIS operations.

This rhetoric has been suddenly changed since last Friday, when the US administration's special envoy Amos Hoschstein, who particularly deals with ISIS energy revenues issue, stated on the record: ''there is not significant volume of ISIS oil being smuggled into Turkey.''   

On the same day a senior State Department official gave a long briefing on the same subject and rejected the notion that ISIS is making a lot of money by smuggling oil to Turkey. When I asked ''how about 2013 and 2014,'' official also talked along the same line that ISIS smuggling to Turkey was not a big sector then:

***********

SENIOR STATE DEPARTMENT OFFICIAL (Friday, State Dept., Dec 4th): So first, on ’13, ’14 – I don’t have information of – any credible information at all of Turkish Government and ISIL coordinated smuggling operations. And look, if you look to the history of this area pre-conflict, during the Assad, Sr., Hafez al-Assad, you will see that there was some smuggling happening because of the arbitrage. You have – and you have this black market emerge when one side of a border has subsidized prices and the other one has less subsidized prices, and you therefore have a liter of petrol being sold at 50 cents here and $2 on the other side. You just created a black market, right? Just by the fact that those two – those two facts.

So was – is there smuggling that happens that has gone on for over a hundred years on this? Yes. My argument is that there is no – there hasn’t been, that I know of, a government-inspired smuggling operation from ISIL control at any given point. Overall, I will say that my discussions with my Turkish counterparts have been good on this issue. We have shared information. We are working to avoid it, and that’s why we’re seeing this decrease in the smuggling. It’s a very long border. So that’s as far as the 2013, 2014.

As far as the Abu Sayyaf information, I have – I’ve seen the areas of the information that are relevant to what I do for a living, which is going after the energy pieces, and in what I’ve – all I can tell you is that from what I’ve seen, I have not seen any of the rumors that are reported in some areas on the internet.

**************

On Monday, this time I tried to learn from the State Department Spokesperson John Kirby why it took 2 years for the US Government to say Turkish border is not a significant road for smuggling oil (At the end, I give my own theory about this):

******************

My Qs & As w Kirby on ISIS smuggling oil to Turkey

QUESTION:  I have one more.  There was a briefing last Friday about the ISIL smuggling oil situation, and the official stated that there isn’t much or significant volume of the oil smuggled to Turkey and this is also the case for 2013 and ’14, whereas we have many statements, including from Secretary Kerry and other officials during these years suggesting that there is oil and that finances ISIL.  So there’s a discussion whether seems to be the information or the statements in those years kind of not exactly align with last week’s briefing.

MR KIRBY:  I’m not quite sure I completely understand your question, but I think I got it.  So let me take a crack, and then if I don’t get it, you tell me.

QUESTION:  Okay, thank you.

MR KIRBY:  We know that oil smuggling remains a source of revenue for ISIL, no doubt about it.  And we know that some of those smuggling routes run across that border with Turkey.  That’s just a fact, and the Turks have talked about that too.  Which is one of the reasons why we just talked about strikes that DOD spoke to yesterday against oil heads, I mean – which is why you start to see some of these strikes against the oil infrastructure that ISIL has or is trying to exploit.  We know it’s a source of revenue from them.  There’s other sources of revenue as well.  I’ve talked about extortion, I’ve talked about infrastructure.  I’ve talked about theft.  And we’ve talked about the fact that they get resources from outside.  But oil is one of them.

Now, if you’re asking about the accusations that the Turkish Government is profiting off of ISIL oil, I think we dealt with that last week pretty definitively; and the answer is no, we’ve seen absolutely no indication of that.  And we, I think, rebutted that claim quite effectively, and I have nothing new to add.  We’ve not seen any collusion by the Turkish Government with ISIL for – in terms of oil smuggling or consumption, none at all.  It’s just a baseless falsehood that was propagated about the Turkish Government.

But we all recognize that one of the ways they try to get money is through smuggling.  And we’re all working very hard – one of the reasons, back to the answer I gave the gentleman back there.  One of the reasons we’re all working very hard to see if we can’t seal off that section of border to limit their ability to gain revenue from that – from oil smuggling.

QUESTION:  John, on --

QUESTION:  Do you think this briefing or this statement that this smuggling of oil business between the ISIS and Turkey is not really significant, came too late, because this been a point of wide discussions in Turkey for two years, that whether these incoming different statements from U.S. side suggesting that there is smuggling of oil?  So question is:  Was it too late to make this clear, whereas the topic has been discussed for two years now?

MR KIRBY:  I think we were responding to false allegations put out in particular by the Russian side.  So I don’t know about – I don’t know how to answer your question whether it was too late or not; it was in response to a complete fabricated falsehood.

Again, Turkey is a vital ally, a NATO ally, and a vital partner in this fight, and we all recognize the challenges along that stretch of border and we’re working hard to shut it down.  I don’t think anything was too late.  I mean, I’ve been talking about, as part of my role here and in another building, about the sources of revenue that ISIL gets.  We’ve been talking about this for more than a year.  And it’s not been any secret that we know that part of the way they finance themselves is through smuggling oil, through oil infrastructure

*************

My theory: US Government, even though it was aware that there was not a significant oil smuggling taking place from ISIS held territory to Turkey, its officials used that talking point to put further pressure on the Ankara government to do more at borders with Syria. Recall: those years Turkish government was not doing much to stop anyone wanting to go to Syria, including foreign jihadists wished to join Al Qaida and ISIS ranks.

US Rejects Russian Oil Smuggling Accusations

US DoD spokesperson Laura Seal rejected Russian Defense Ministry Officials accusations that Turkish Administration is smuggling oil with ISIS, from ISIS held territories in Syria. 

Seal, in an exclusive email, stated this: 
''We reject the premise that the Turkish government is in league with ISIL to smuggle oil.  We have seen no evidence to support such an accusation.

Moreover, Turkey is taking steps to improve the security of its border with Syria, working with international partners. One goal of this effort is to cut off ISIL smuggling.

We view our NATO Ally Turkey as a key partner in the coalition to counter ISIL.   As we are doing with all of our partners and as the President noted yesterday in Paris, we continue to discuss with Turkey what more they could do within the counter-ISIL effort and how we can better cooperate to ensure ISIL's defeat.

As President Obama has said, we support Turkey's right to defend its airspace and territory.  President Obama has also emphasized the importance of Turkey and Russia working together to de-escalate their confrontation and ensure such an unfortunate incident is not repeated.''

US Statement on Cumhuriyet

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE

Office of the Spokesperson

---

For Immediate Release

 STATEMENT BY MARK TONER, DEPUTY SPOKESPERSON

November 27, 2015

Media Freedom in Turkey

We are troubled by the pre-trial arrest yesterday of senior editors of the respected Turkish newspaper Cumhuriyet.  

The investigation, criminal charges, and arrest raise serious concerns about the Turkish government’s commitment to the fundamental principle of media freedom.  These events are only the latest in a series of judicial and law enforcement actions taken under questionable circumstances against Turkish media outlets critical of the government.

We call on Turkish authorities to ensure that all individuals and organizations – including but not limited to the media – are free to voice a full range of opinions and criticism, in accordance with Turkey’s constitutional guarantees of media freedom and freedom of expression.  This will ultimately strengthen Turkey’s democracy. 

---

Stay connected with the State Department Office of Press Relations:

Georgetown's ITS loses funds from Turkey

The Institute of Turkish Studies (ITS) Loses its funding from Turkey

The Institute of Turkish Studies (ITS) published an announcement on November 19th to inform that Turkish administration's financial support, which has been provided since 1982, is ending.

Announcement says:

"For over thirty years, ITS has been the principal independent supporter and sponsor of Turkish studies in the United States. The research, publishing, and teaching of several generations of scholars, now the leading lights of American academe on matters Turkish and Ottoman, have been supported – indeed, made possible – by this funding, for which they and ITS as an institution are grateful."

ITS was receiving on average between $200 and $225K funding per year from successive Turkish governments for 33 years. That means ITS' support has been bipartisan over decades. 

Georgetown University's ITS has been a respected actor in Washington DC over the years. It has helped creating 13 Turkey programs in 13 different American universities. ITS is not only encouraging discussions over Turkish Republic’s history but also Ottoman history along with Turkey's contemporary political, social and economic developments. ITS has raised an awareness about Turkey’s "glorious past" Ottomans which AKP officials love to talk about. ITS has been faciliating thousands of students going to Turkey every summer for Turkish language classes. Many of these American students have had incredible adventures in Turkey in their early years.

When one thinks how much lobbying groups or actors charge Turkey every year ($1, $2 millions every year), this program at a world leading university by a quarter million dollars seems like a great bargain.

So why do we think AKP preferred to end this Turkish studies program that has been going over 30 years and maintained by dozens of various Turkish administrations?

Steven A. Cook, who is an expert on Turkey at CFR in Washington, also is featured on ITS’ “hall of fame” for being a former benefactor of ITS grants said this: “The move to cut Ankara's contribution to ITS does not surprise me. Turkish leaders--and quite frankly, more than a few Turkish philanthropists--expect something in return for their goodwill. That something is for the grateful recipients to echo the views of their donors.”

As Cook briefly touches here, for sometime, it has been indeed talked that the AKP government is not happy with Georgetown’s ITS program for it is not pushing AKP vision in Washington "good enough" and defending it against others. ITS, as it says on the website clearly as one of its missions: “To promote better understanding of Turkish politics, economy, and society through conferences and lecture series.” ITS wants to stay away from daily politics. It wants to promote better understanding of Turkish politics but not better understanding of AKP’s vision.

For AKP administration, there are lobbying groups and Turkish-American associations, Embassy to push its vision and policies as its lawyers and spokespeople in Washington. There are “think tanks” like Seta to promote its ideas.

ITS, during its 33 years helped hundreds of students and academics like Stanford Shaw, Kemal Karpat, Jenny B. White, Joshua Hendrick and Steven A. Cook (more can be found).  

Jenny B. White who is at Boston University’s Department of Anthropology, author of books and many articles on Turkey, also featured at ITS’ “hall of fame” said this: “Almost all ITS money goes to funding grants, very little to overhead. I don’t understand why the Turkish government would defund such a lean and effective organization with a proven track record of bringing information about Turkey to campuses around the country, even in the heartland, setting up Turkish programs, fostering scholarship about Turkey, helping train new generations of scholars. I’m very proud of being associated with ITS and what it has accomplished and I’m very disappointed at the decision to defund it.”

Even though the program is losing its funding from the Turkish Government and its trust, “ITS continues to exist as an NGO and we are looking forward to continuing the very important task of supporting independent scholarship on Turkey,” said White, “this came as a shock after thirty years of operation. ITS has been the principal independent supporter and sponsor of Turkish studies in the United States. Several generations of US-based scholars, including myself, received ITS support for their research, publishing, and teaching about Turkey, often at crucial moments early in their careers.”

It’s expected that the ITS will be looking for some money to continue its work. Will there be any Turkish or American philanthropists, donors?  

US Spox: human rights issues, fundamental freedom issues are always on the agenda and always possible for discussion.

DAILY PRESS BRIEFING

DPB # 189

FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 13, 2015

(ON THE RECORD UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED)

Briefer: Mark Toner, Deputy Spokesperson 

My Qs & As w/Mark Toner re Turkey, Press Freedom, G20 etc. reds by other reporters

QUESTION: On Turkey and G20.

MR TONER: Yeah.

QUESTION: Is there any way you can tell us what will be the ideal outcome for the U.S. side in terms of Syrian situation there, things – is there a specific plan or strategy you have in your mind when you’re talking to Turks or other --

MR TONER: Sure. I refer you to the Secretary’s speech yesterday at the U.S. Institute for Peace.

QUESTION: Yes.

MR TONER: I’m slightly joking, but seriously, he laid out our strategy, and among which – actually, I think Josh Earnest over at the White House spoke to the fact that certainly, coming out of Vienna, hopefully the Secretary will be able to report on progress that’s been made in our pursuit of this dual track, but more importantly this political process or political transition that we’re looking to put in play or put in process to lead to a political transition in Syria.

The other really pressing need that will be discussed at the G20 – and the Secretary spoke a little bit about our efforts – is to address the humanitarian crisis that all this conflict in Syria has wrought: the refugee crisis that now is reaching into Europe, but certainly countries like Turkey, Jordan, and others – Lebanon – as well have been dealing with for years; as well as this crisis within Syria itself, and so how can all the nations of the G20 pull together to address this crisis – ongoing crisis. Even in our most optimistic days, I think none of us see this as the conflict in Syria ending any day soon, and we’re certainly going to be dealing with internally displaced as well as externally displaced people going forward for a long time to come, so we need to all do our utmost to address their needs.

Please.

QUESTION: Since the G20’s going to be in Turkey, is there any thought to any inclusion in the statement concerning freedom of the press?

MR TONER: I can’t speak to what may or may not go into the statement. That’s obviously something that we – a principle, if I could put it that way, that we always value and – yeah, I mean --

QUESTION: Well, you just said you’re going – it’s – a major focus will be on the things that are negatively affecting Turkey, like the humanitarian crisis --

MR TONER: Right. I was speaking about Syria and the overflow of refugees, but you’re talking about freedom of the press now in Turkey or --

QUESTION: No, freedom of the press anywhere.

MR TONER: Oh, I’m sorry. I totally misunderstood.

QUESTION: Is that going to be in – is that going to be referenced in any way at the summit – fundamental freedoms, including freedom of the press – given your criticism of Turkey recently and actually long term for its freedom of the press?

MR TONER: Well, the second part of your question first. We continue to have discussions all the time with Turkey, and we’re very public in our viewpoint that we want to see and urge the Turkish authorities to ensure their actions uphold universal democratic values, and that includes freedom of the press. I can’t speak to whether or what is going to actually be contained in the final statement coming out of the G20, but we consider freedom of the press, broadly speaking, to be one of the fundamental rights around the world.

QUESTION: Same question, Mark.

MR TONER: Yes.

QUESTION: On the G20 and on the press, even for this summit, worldwide summit, there will be media from Turkey being excluded to follow the event. So how do you handle such a challenge that you are going to country and going to speak to people, and the press – but part of the press, opposition press, will not be there? And as you know, the bigger part of the opposition media in Turkey under the crackdown – it looks like increasing since the elections.

MR TONER: Well, a couple points. We’ve said this before but I’ll say it again: We’re concerned by a troubling pattern in Turkey of targeting media outlets and their organizations that are critical of the government. In a democratic society, critical opinions should be encouraged, not silenced. Look at this room right now or on any given day as we get a wide swath of opinions and questions from all sides, and we take seriously all of the viewpoints of the journalists in the room and try to answer their questions as best we can. That’s part of a democratic society and it’s part of any government’s responsibility.

Just to pivot back to what I said to Brad, we want to see and urge Turkish authorities to uphold democratic values that are enshrined in Turkey’s constitution.

QUESTION: Since many of the Westerns leaders will be also in Antalya and speaking to Turkish leaders, would you call on your allies, especially Western allies who claim to value the universal values, should they raise these issues when they talk to their Turkishcounterparts?

MR TONER: Many of our Western allies don’t need us necessarily to call on them to raise these issues. They raise them themselves. Many of our democratic allies around the world will raise these issues. Look, NATO is – or Turkey is a valued partner, it’s a NATO ally, it’s a longstanding democracy. We want to see it live up to its democratic values.

QUESTION: Final question.

MR TONER: Yes, sir.

QUESTION: Will the U.S. President raise these issues when he’s in Turkey?

MR TONER: I would not attempt to preview what the President may or may not raise in his meetings in Turkey, simply to say that human rights issues, fundamental freedom issues are always on the agenda and always possible for discussion.

MR TONER: Let’s stay on Turkey, and then I swear I’ll get back to you.

QUESTION: Okay.

MR TONER: Okay? I apologize. I just want to finish out the --

QUESTION: And just a quick clarification. Are you asking the Turkish Government from this podium or have you reached out to them after the events when the TV station was raided and the opposition’s media is being --

MR TONER: I’d just say we – whether it’s within our dealings or – within our dealings with the – or conversations, rather, with the Turkish Government through our embassy in Ankara, we convey these same messages that we convey from the podium. So I would say it’s a dual-tracked approach.

QUESTION: Turkey?

QUESTION: Turkey?

MR TONER: Turkey? Okay.

QUESTION: Yeah.

MR TONER: And Turkey, Turkey, and then --

QUESTION: Yeah, sure.

MR TONER: Okay.

QUESTION: Mark, since this is – the Turkish Government is preparing the areas for the G20, and it seems that also in that stage is just so focusing on the G20 and nothing else in Turkey because there is conflict in Silvan for seven – more than seven days, like, it’s been eight days. It’s been curfew and conflict, fighting, killing civilians, and media completely banned from those conflict areas in the southeast of Turkey. So there’s nothing, no statement, no word from the United States Government what’s going on there. But there were some pictures by some leaked from there that it showed it is – it was --

MR TONER: Well, we --

QUESTION: It seemed like Syria, not Turkey.

MR TONER: Well, we are aware about the – and have seen reports of the curfews – about the curfews in effect in Diyarbakir, which is the Silvan area. We understand that Turkey needs to take security measures, but it should also take all feasible precautions to protect civilians and act consistently with its legal obligations. As to the specifics about the curfews, I’d refer you to the Turkish authorities.

QUESTION: Do you have any way, any mechanism – and you have your diplomats there, but is there any way that United States Government can make sure that there were no war crimes conducted in those places?

MR TONER: No what? War crimes within --

QUESTION: In the conflict areas by Turkish forces or by guerillas, whatever. But do you have any way that – to confirm there were no war crimes, any kind of a targeting civilian – what do you – how can you confirm this --

MR TONER: Sure. I don’t know specifically if we have eyes on the ground in the Silvan area, and I’m not going to address your questions about whether there’s war crimes or anything like that. This is obviously Turkish security forces operating in the interest of their national security. They have a right to defend themselves against – and the country and Turkish citizens against violence that’s carried out by the PKK. Our concern is that they take, in conducting these security measures, into full consideration and take every feasible precaution to avoid hurting, injuring civilians, and act consistently within their legal obligations.